A · A1 · A1b · A1b1 · BT · CT · CF · F · K · K2 · P · R · R1 · R1b · R1b-M269 · R1b-L51 · R1b-L151 · R1b-P310 · R1b-U106 · R-Z381 · R-L48
R-L48 is a dominant subclade within R-U106 and is especially common in regions associated with early Germanic cultural evolution. L48 expanded vigorously during the Bronze and Iron Ages, giving rise to numerous descendant lineages with strong geographic structuring across northern Europe.
Highest modern frequencies in the Netherlands, Germany, Denmark and England, with substantial representation in Norway and Sweden. Present in diaspora communities with Germanic ancestry.
R-L48 splits into highly developed internal subclades such as R-Z9, R-Z30 and R-Z8. These form dense phylogenetic structures with thousands of identified downstream branches.
R-L48 is a hallmark of Germanic paternal ancestry and provides fine resolution for tracing historical clan expansions.