A · A1 · A1b · A1b1 · BT · CT · CF · F · K · K2 · P · R · R1 · R1a · R1a1 · R1a1a · R1a1a1 · R1a-Z283 · R1a-Z282 · R1a-Z280 · R1a-Y33 · R1a-Y2613 · R1a-Y2619 · R1a-Y2620

Haplogroup R1a-Y2620

Macro-haplogroup
R
Parent clade
R1a-Y2619
Formed (estimate)
c. 3,000 - 3,400 years before present (estimate)
TMRCA (estimate)
c. 1,700 - 2,100 years ago (estimate)

Overview

R1a-Y2620 is the largest downstream branch of R1a-Y2619 and occupies a significant place in the paternal ancestry of eastern Slavic populations. The lineage formed during the late Bronze Age in regions stretching across modern Belarus, western Russia and northern Ukraine. Archaeological connections suggest that Y2620 ancestors were part of the communities that contributed to the cultural formation of the early Baltic and forest-zone groups. During the Iron Age, Y2620 lineages became embedded in the demographic fabric of early Slavic predecessors. Sites associated with the Milograd and early hillfort cultures yield patterns consistent with the presence of Y2620. The early medieval period saw dramatic expansion of this branch as Slavic tribes spread across eastern Europe, forming powerful confederations and early state structures including the early Rus networks. Today, Y2620 remains a defining lineage for eastern Slavic genetic identity and is extremely common in Belarus and western Russia.

Geographic distribution

Y2620 reaches its highest frequencies in Belarus and western Russia. It is also common in Lithuania, Latvia, Poland and Ukraine. Moderate frequencies appear in Finland and Estonia due to contact zones.

Ancient DNA

  • Iron Age individuals in Belarus and Russia contain haplotypes ancestral to Y2620.
  • Hillfort based Baltic societies exhibit deep Y2620 branching.
  • Early medieval burials linked to the Rus contain multiple Y2620 individuals.
  • Forest-steppe Iron Age populations reveal early diversification of Y2620.
  • Some Krivich and Dregovich remains show strong Y2620 bias.

Phylogeny & subclades

Y2620 contains numerous branches including Y2621, YP635 and several region-specific clusters. Many of these reflect demographic expansions during the early medieval period.

  • R1a-Y2621
  • R1a-YP635
  • Additional eastern Slavic branches

Notes & context

Y2620 is vital for reconstructing the demographic expansion and structure of medieval eastern Slavic populations.