Overview
R1a-L657* represents the basal, non-diverged cluster of the broader R1a-L657 lineage. It is phylogenetically important because it preserves the earliest branches of the major Indo-Aryan paternal radiation into South Asia. L657* likely emerged in Central Asia or the northwest Indian subcontinent during the period of Indo-Aryan migrations. Its carriers played a defining role in the demographic formation of early Vedic and Indo-Aryan communities.
L657* lineages did not experience the same level of downstream diversification as CTS6 or F2935 but instead remained geographically stable within the northwest and western Himalayan regions. This makes L657* valuable for reconstructing the earliest phases of Indo-Aryan settlement and the interactions between steppe-derived groups and local populations.
Geographic distribution
L657* appears in northwest India, Pakistan, Kashmir and Afghanistan. It also occurs in small but meaningful frequencies across Nepal and Himachal Pradesh.
Ancient DNA
- Early Indo-Aryan associated populations show upstream L657* structure.
- Iron Age Swat Valley individuals display upstream branching patterns consistent with basal L657.
- Classical period northern Indian contexts reflect early L657 contributions.
Phylogeny & subclades
L657* is upstream of CTS6, Y7 and many other mega branches. Its internal structure includes a few small regional clusters but no major downstream splits.
- Regional northwest Indian microclusters
- Small Himalayan branches
Notes & context
L657* is essential for reconstructing the earliest phases of Indo-Aryan expansion and the core settlement patterns in northwest South Asia.
References & external links