A · A1 · A1b · A1b1 · BT · CT · CF · F · K · K2 · P · R · R1 · R1b · R-M343 · R-M269 · R-L23 · R-L51 · R-L151 · R-P312 · R-L21 · R-DF13 · R-S548

Haplogroup R-S548

Macro-haplogroup
R
Parent clade
R-DF13
Formed (estimate)
c. 4,300 - 4,800 years before present
TMRCA (estimate)
c. 3,000 - 3,500 years ago

Overview

Haplogroup R-S548 is an important but often underrepresented branch of the R-DF13 macrostructure within R-L21. Emerging during the Bronze Age, S548 likely formed among the early insular populations of the British Isles. It belongs to the older layers of DF13 diversification and provides a critical window into the complexity of R-L21’s earliest expansions. S548 appears to have had a more moderate demographic trajectory compared with explosive lineages such as L513 or DF49. However, its internal distribution shows a consistent pattern suggesting early settlement stability in Ireland and western Britain. Many of its downstream clusters exhibit geographical coherence, indicating that S548 was embedded in well defined regional Bronze Age communities that maintained patrilineal continuity across centuries. Because S548 has several downstream clades with recognizable regional patterns, it is increasingly used in academic analyses examining Bronze Age social organization, founder effects and insular continuity through the Iron Age and medieval periods. Although smaller in number than some major DF13 branches, S548 remains structurally significant for reconstructing early R-L21 evolution.

Geographic distribution

S548 occurs mainly in Ireland, especially in the west and northwest, and in Britain with a focus in Wales, western England and southwestern Scotland. Its presence in continental Europe is limited and likely reflects later historical movement.

Ancient DNA

  • Likely present in Bronze Age British and Irish communities.
  • Distribution reflects early insular Celtic networks and later medieval continuity.
  • Some downstream branches align with medieval surname expansions in Ireland and western Britain.

Phylogeny & subclades

S548 forms a distinct branch under DF13 parallel to major lineages such as DF49, L513, Z253 and DF21. Its internal branches include several moderate size clusters typical of regional Celtic lineages.

  • R-S548*
  • Smaller regional downstream clusters

Notes & context

S548, though less widely known, is important for capturing the full internal diversity of DF13.