A · A1 · A1b · A1b1 · BT · CT · CF · F · K · K2 · P · R · R1 · R1b · R-M343 · R-L754 · R-L389 · R-P297 · R-M73 · R-M478 · R-Y14054 · R-L1432 · R-Y14051 · R-FT215163

Haplogroup R-FT215163

Macro-haplogroup
R
Parent clade
R-Y14051
Formed (estimate)
c. 3200 - 4300 years before present
TMRCA (estimate)
c. 1200 - 2000 years ago

Overview

Haplogroup R-FT215163 is a downstream branch of R-Y14051, one of the central components of the Inner Asian R-M478 lineage. Formed during the Late Bronze Age, FT215163 emerged at a time when mobile pastoralism intensified across the Altai, upper Irtysh and Dzungarian regions. Genetic patterns strongly indicate a connection to the early formation of proto-Turkic and related steppe confederations, which played a major role in shaping the paternal landscape of Inner Asia. Modern representatives of FT215163 are concentrated among populations in Kazakhstan, the southern Urals, western Siberia and parts of northern China. The lineage is especially notable in several Kazakh tribal groups, where it often appears as a distinctly structured paternal cluster with evidence of multiple founder events during the early medieval period. These founder events reflect the transition from broad steppe populations to the clan-based social frameworks of Turkic tribal societies. The overall distribution of FT215163 suggests recurrent participation in east-west steppe migrations, including expansions toward the Volga-Ural region and the oases of Xinjiang. This pattern closely mirrors well-documented historical processes such as the early Turkic migrations, culminating in the formation of powerful steppe polities.

Geographic distribution

Common in Kazakhstan, the Volga-Ural region, southwestern Siberia and northern China. Minor presence in eastern Europe indicates westward extensions of early medieval Inner Asian expansions.

Ancient DNA

  • Ancient steppe individuals with R-M478 lineages from Early Iron Age Kazakhstan fall near the FT215163 node.
  • Burials from early Turkic cultural horizons in the Altai and Dzungaria yield R-M478 haplotypes related to FT215163.
  • Some medieval individuals from Inner Asia show paternal signatures consistent with downstream branches of FT215163.

Phylogeny & subclades

R-FT215163 descends from R-Y14051 and forms one of its most structured downstream branches. Additional internal clusters are documented, particularly those associated with Kazakh and Siberian groups.

  • R-FT215163*
  • Regional Kazakh clusters
  • Volga-Ural derived microclades

Notes & context

This lineage provides a clear genetic marker for the demographic expansions of early Turkic-speaking groups and their integration within western and eastern steppe regions.