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Y-DNA Haplogroup Atlas

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Haplogroup Q-YP4004

Q-YP4004 (Volga Ural Turkic clade)

Macro-haplogroup
Q
Parent clade
Q-L527
Formed (estimate)
c. 6,000 to 8,000 years before present
TMRCA (estimate)
c. 2,500 to 3,500 years ago

Overview

Q-YP4004 is a major subbranch of Q-L527 and is strongly associated with Turkic speaking populations of the Volga Ural region. This includes Bashkirs, Tatars and several groups with early Turkic ancestry. The lineage likely formed in the West Siberian forest steppe and then expanded westward into the Volga basin during the Bronze and Iron Ages. Q-YP4004 is notable for its clear association with Turkic lineages that integrated with or expanded into Uralic territories.

Geographic distribution

Q-YP4004 reaches its highest frequencies among Bashkir and Tatar populations, reflecting both ancient local continuity and later Turkic expansions into the region. It also appears at lower levels in Chuvash and Kazan Tatar subgroups, as well as among some Uralic speaking populations influenced by Turkic gene flow. Trace representation exists in Kazakhstan and western Siberia.

Ancient DNA

  • No ancient sample has yet been assigned directly to YP4004, but its regional distribution matches archaeological expectations for Bronze Age and early Iron Age westward expansions from the forest steppe belt.
  • The TMRCA places the main divergence of Q-YP4004 in a timeframe that predates historic Bulgar and early Turkic movements in the Volga region, suggesting deeper roots in the area.
  • Q-L527 parent lineages are present in prehistoric West Siberian contexts, implying ancestral continuity.

Phylogeny & subclades

On YFull, Q-YP4004 defines a compact but structured branch, showing internal splits corresponding to Bashkir, Tatar and related regional groups. The pattern suggests multiple founder events and gradual differentiation within the Volga Ural sphere.

  • Q-YP4004* (Volga Ural basal)
  • Bashkir specific microclades
  • Tatar associated branches

Notes & context

Q-YP4004 is important for understanding the paternal legacy of Turkic migrations into the Volga Ural region. It provides a high resolution marker for distinguishing local Turkic derived paternal lines from Uralic and Slavic contributions.