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Y-DNA Haplogroup Atlas

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Haplogroup Q-YP4001

Q-YP4001 (Finno Ugric and northern Turkic interaction zone)

Macro-haplogroup
Q
Parent clade
Q-L527
Formed (estimate)
c. 7,000 to 9,000 years before present
TMRCA (estimate)
c. 4,000 to 5,000 years ago

Overview

Q-YP4001 is a sister branch of Q-YP4004 under Q-L527 and represents the Uralic side of the West Siberian and Volga forest steppe interaction sphere. The clade is found primarily among Udmurt, Mari, Komi and northern Russian populations with significant Finno Ugric ancestry. However, its presence among certain Tatar and Bashkir subgroups demonstrates long term contact and admixture between Uralic and Turkic populations throughout the region.

Geographic distribution

The highest frequencies of Q-YP4001 are seen in Udmurt and Mari populations of the central Volga region. It also appears among Komi groups, northern Russians influenced by Uralic paternal components and at lower levels among Volga Tatar and Bashkir populations. The geographic range reflects the forest steppe belt stretching from the Ural foothills to the Volga Kama confluence.

Ancient DNA

  • The early Holocene formation time of Q-YP4001 overlaps with the spread of hunter fisher groups that contributed ancestry to early Uralic communities in the Kama and Vyatka regions.
  • Related Q-L527 lineages have been identified in prehistoric forest steppe contexts, supporting long term continuity in the region.
  • Although no ancient sample has been confirmed as YP4001, the branch aligns with population structures observed in Bronze Age and Iron Age Uralic speaking groups.

Phylogeny & subclades

Q-YP4001 forms a structured branch under Q-L527 on YFull, dividing into regional subclusters associated with Udmurt, Mari and Permian populations. Some sublineages show later incorporation into Turkic speaking groups of the Volga Ural region.

  • Q-YP4001*
  • Udmurt and Mari microclades
  • Northern Russian derived branches

Notes & context

Q-YP4001 is essential for reconstructing the paternal landscape of early Uralic communities and demonstrates how Q lineages bridged Uralic and Turkic populations. Its balanced distribution between Finno Ugric and Turkic associated groups reflects millennia of interactions in the Volga Ural forest steppe.