A · BT · CT · F · K · P · P1 · Q-M242 · Q1-F1096 · Q2-L933 · Q-L941 · Q-YP4000

Haplogroup Q-YP4000

Q2-L941 > YP4000 (Altai–Sayan microbranch)

Macro-haplogroup
Q
Parent clade
Q-L941
Formed (estimate)
c. 8,000 to 10,000 years before present
TMRCA (estimate)
c. 2,000 to 3,500 years ago

Overview

Q-YP4000 is a small but important Altai Sayan branch within Q-L941. It appears among Turkic associated populations in the central and eastern Sayan region, including Tuvan and Altai groups, as well as among some Buryat and Evenk communities that have historically interacted with Turkic tribes. Although rare, Q-YP4000 is significant because it represents a Q2 lineage directly tied to the Altai Sayan population cluster that played a central role in the formation of early Turkic cultures.

Geographic distribution

Q-YP4000 is concentrated in the Altai and Sayan mountains. It has been detected in Tuvan and Altai individuals and at low frequency in Buryat and Evenk groups. The distribution highlights the contact zones between Mongolic, Tungusic and Turkic speaking peoples. Outside of this region the lineage is nearly absent.

Ancient DNA

  • The Altai Sayan region contains numerous Bronze and Iron Age archaeological sites showing continuity between local populations and later Turkic groups. The TMRCA of Q-YP4000 fits with demographic expansions during this period.
  • Ancient individuals from the eastern steppe and Baikal region carry Q lineages adjacent to the L941 cluster, supporting the broader phylogenetic placement of YP4000.
  • Given its regional concentration, future ancient DNA from Sayan and Altai contexts may reveal direct YP4000 bearing individuals tied to early Turkic phases.

Phylogeny & subclades

On YFull, Q-YP4000 forms a shallow branch under Q-L941. The topology shows very little internal divergence, suggesting a relatively recent founder event followed by localised expansion in the Altai Sayan region.

  • Q-YP4000* (basal Sayan lineage)

Notes & context

Q-YP4000 is important in a Turkic focused atlas because it documents the presence of Q2 lineages within the Altai Sayan cluster, one of the core homelands of early Turkic and related groups. Its rarity increases its phylogenetic value as a population specific marker.