Overview
Q-YP1102 is a major downstream branch of Q-L330 that plays a central role in the paternal history of South Siberia and the eastern steppe. Phylogenetic analysis shows that Q-YP1102 likely formed in southern Siberia, where early north Eurasian and proto steppe groups adapted to taiga, mountain and riverine ecologies. Today it is strongly represented among Turkic and related populations of the Altai Sayan region, including Tuvans and other groups that historically practiced mobile herding and hunting. Because of its clear geographic focus and internal diversity, Q-YP1102 is considered one of the key lineages for understanding the Turkic and pre Turkic paternal substratum of southern Siberia.
Geographic distribution
Q-YP1102 reaches its highest frequencies in southern Siberian populations, particularly among Tuvans, Todzhans and neighboring groups in the Sayan and upper Yenisei region. It also appears in Khakass, some Altaians and in mixed Siberian samples from the upper Ob and Yenisei basins. Westward, low level occurrences extend into Ugric and Russian populations of western Siberia, while scattered samples in Central Asia and eastern Europe likely represent more recent dispersals. The concentration in Tuvan and surrounding Turkic speaking groups points to a long history in the central and eastern Sayan zone.
Ancient DNA
- Genetic and phylogeographic work on South Siberian populations indicates that Q-YP1102 originated in southern Siberia and later spread north and west, a pattern consistent with ancient DNA samples carrying closely related Q1b lineages in the Cis Baikal and Yenisei regions.
- Higher internal diversity of Q-YP1102 in Tuvans and nearby populations supports the idea that this region represents a long term homeland for the clade rather than a secondary refuge.
- Although ancient individuals specifically typed as Q-YP1102 have not yet been published, the branch sits in a part of the Q tree that is repeatedly associated with Neolithic and Bronze Age communities of southern Siberia that contributed ancestry to Turkic and other Neosiberian groups.
Phylogeny & subclades
On YFull, Q-YP1102 is defined by SNP YP1102 and several linked variants and is placed directly under Q-L330. It splits into multiple internal branches, including Q-Z35985 and Q-Y11236, which show distinct regional and population specific patterns. Age estimates place the formation of Q-YP1102 around 8,000 years before present with a TMRCA around 4,600 years, suggesting that the main diversification of its subclades coincided with the development of more complex pastoral and hunting economies in southern Siberia.
- Q-YP1102* (basal southern Siberian paragroup)
- Q-Z35985 (steppe and Siberian branch)
- Q-Y11236 and related regional microclades
Notes & context
Q-YP1102 is one of the best documented Q lineages in southern Siberia and is frequently discussed in the context of the Tuvan and broader Turkic gene pool. Its position under Q-L330, its age and its distribution all suggest that populations bearing Q-YP1102 were involved in cultural and demographic processes that later shaped the early Turkic world.
References & external links