Overview
Q-L330 is one of the dominant paternal lineages of the Altai–Sayan region and is frequently associated with the early population layers that contributed to the Proto-Turkic ethnogenesis. Its distribution spans the Altai Mountains, Sayan range, Upper Yenisei basin and parts of western Siberia. Due to its concentration among several historical Turkic-speaking groups, Q-L330 is considered a key marker for ancient Altaic-related demographic formations prior to the widespread Turkic expansions of the Iron Age.
Geographic distribution
Highest frequencies occur among Altai, Khakas, Shor, Tuvan and some Kyrgyz subpopulations. Also detected in lower but consistent frequencies among Kazakhs, Bashkirs, Tatars and certain Siberian Turkic-speaking groups. Scattered occurrences exist among Mongolic populations reflecting regional interaction and deep historical ties.
Ancient DNA
- Ancient DNA from Bronze Age Altai and Sayan contexts include L330-related individuals, linking the lineage to early pastoralist horizons.
- The distribution overlaps with archaeological cultures such as Afanasievo, Okunevo and later Karasuk phases, reflecting long-term regional continuity.
- Some early Iron Age remains in the Sayan region exhibit L330 ancestry, indicating involvement in pre-Turkic Altaic population networks.
Phylogeny & subclades
Q-L330 diverges into multiple subbranches, with L330a and L330b representing the best characterized early splits. These clades parallel early population structuring in the Altai–Sayan core zone.
Notes & context
Q-L330 is essential for reconstructing Proto-Turkic paternal origins and their deeper Altaic roots.
References & external links