A · BT · CT · F · K · K2 · K2b · NO · O · O2 · O2-M122 · O2a-M324 · O2a2b1-M134
O-M134 (dominant Han Chinese lineage)
O2a2b1-M134 is one of the most common paternal lineages in China and forms the central backbone of the Han Chinese genetic landscape. This clade expanded massively during the Neolithic and Bronze Age, coinciding with the rise of agricultural societies, state formation and demographic booms along the Yellow River. M134 represents a key paternal signature of Sino-Tibetan-speaking populations and appears in nearly all regions influenced by ancient Chinese cultural expansion.
Extremely common in Han Chinese (20–40%), widespread in Sino-Tibetan groups including Tibetans, Yi, Qiang, Hmong-Mien, and even extending to Korea and Japan at moderate frequencies. Also present in northern Vietnam and parts of Mongolia.
O-M134 sits under O2a2 and contains numerous downstream branches, including massive star-like expansions. These lineages form major components of the modern Han paternal structure and are among the best-sampled clades in Asian Y-DNA.
O-M134 is one of the essential clades for understanding East Asian demographic history.