A · BT · CT · F · K · K2 · K2b · NO · O · O1 · O1a-M119
O1a-M119 (Austronesian core lineage)
O1a-M119 is the primary paternal lineage associated with Austronesian-speaking peoples, including Taiwanese indigenous groups, Filipinos, Malays, Indonesians and Pacific islanders. Its presence in Taiwan aligns with archaeological and linguistic evidence identifying the island as the Austronesian homeland. O1a lineages expanded from the Fujian–Taiwan–Luzon corridor and later spread across maritime Southeast Asia and the Pacific during the Neolithic and Bronze Age maritime migrations.
High frequency among Taiwanese indigenous peoples (Atayal, Amis, Paiwan), widespread in the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei, and parts of southern China. Lower frequencies extend through Madagascar, Micronesia, and Polynesia, reflecting the far-reaching Austronesian expansion.
O1a-M119 sits under O1 and forms multiple downstream clusters connected to specific Austronesian-speaking populations. It is sister to the O1b lineages that expanded into mainland Southeast Asia.
O1a is a cornerstone in the study of Austronesian origins and maritime prehistory.