A · BT · CT · F · K · K2 · K2b · NO · O · O2 · O2-M122 · O-F5

Haplogroup O-F5

O-F5 (major East Asian cluster)

Macro-haplogroup

Parent clade

O2-M122

Formed (estimate)

c. 10,000–12,000 years before present

TMRCA (estimate)

c. 6,000–8,000 years ago

Overview

O-F5 represents a major branch of O2-M122 and is one of the largest and most influential paternal lineages among East Asian populations. Its expansion is closely tied to the spread of agriculture, hierarchical societies and the development of early cultural centers in the Yellow River basin. F5-bearing populations played a significant role in the demographic shaping of modern Han Chinese, northern Vietnamese, Korean and Japanese paternal ancestry.

Geographic distribution

Very common in northern and central China, moderately frequent in Korea and Japan, and present in Vietnam and Thailand. Its distribution reflects major population movements from the Yellow River northward and eastward.

Ancient DNA

Yellow River Neolithic cultures show ancestry consistent with F5-related lineages.
Ancient genomes from the Longshan and Erlitou cultural zones exhibit O2-F5 upstream markers.
F5 radiations correspond to population increases during late Neolithic and Bronze Age China.

Phylogeny & subclades

F5 is one of the two main megaclusters under O2 (the other being M134). Its downstream diversification includes region-specific branches across East Asia, especially in northern Han populations.

O-F46
O-F48
O-F237

Notes & context