Overview
O-F48 is a major downstream branch of O-F46 and one of the most prominent surname-associated paternal lineages in China. Estimates based on large Chinese Y databases suggest that O-F48 coalesced roughly seven thousand years ago, making it a classic mid-Holocene founder lineage. Through later historical periods, this branch became associated with several large Han surname groups, amplifying its frequency via social and demographic processes such as clan expansion and patrilineal inheritance.
Geographic distribution
O-F48 is concentrated in Han Chinese populations of eastern and central China, including Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and adjacent provinces. It is also detected in Japan and Korea, though at lower frequencies, reflecting historical contacts and migrations. Regional Y trees centered on specific Chinese surnames show dense clusters of F48-derived haplotypes.
Ancient DNA
- The estimated age of F48 places its origin in the Chinese mid-Holocene, coinciding with the consolidation of agricultural societies.
- Surname based Y trees and regional genetic surveys point to strong founder effects under F48 in multiple Han lineages.
- Phylogenetic analyses place F48 within the same broader "super-grandfather" radiation as F79 and F46.
Phylogeny & subclades
O-F48 corresponds to O2a2b1a2a1a1 in detailed notation. It is a child of F46 and an ancestor to additional downstream markers such as F152 and F2505. Its branching pattern is star-like, indicating rapid growth from a small number of founding males.
Notes & context
O-F48 is one of the largest and best documented surname linked founder lineages in China and an integral part of the O2a2b1a2a cluster.
References & external links