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Haplogroup N1a1a

N1a1a-Z1936

Macro-haplogroup

Parent clade

N1a1

Formed (estimate)

c. 10,000–12,000 years before present

TMRCA (estimate)

c. 5,000–7,000 years ago

Z1936
Z1925
CTS2929

Overview

N1a1a (Z1936) is the major Finno-Ugric paternal lineage and represents one of the most significant demographic events in northern Eurasia. Emerging during the mid-Holocene, N1a1a became heavily involved in the expansions of Proto-Finnic and related Uralic-speaking groups. Its distribution correlates strongly with archaeological cultures of the Volga–Ural region, forest hunter-gatherer networks and later Baltic-Finnic societies.

Geographic distribution

Extremely common in Finns, Estonians, Karelians and northern Russians. Substantial presence in Komi, Mari, Udmurts and several Volga-Uralic populations. Lower frequencies occur in the Baltic region and western Siberia.

Ancient DNA

Bronze Age individuals from the Kama and Volga regions show early N1a1a substructure.
Iron Age Baltic-Finnic genomes contain multiple N1a1a-derived lines.
Early medieval Finnish and Karelia burials contain dense clusters of N1a1a.

Phylogeny & subclades

N1a1a divides into N1a1a1 and N1a1a2, each associated with different branches of Finno-Ugric populations.

N1a1a1
N1a1a2

Notes & context