A · BT · CT · F · K · K2 · K2b · NO · N · N1 · N1a · N1a1 · N1a1a · N-Z1936 · N-Z1933

Haplogroup N-Z1933

N-Z1933 (Proto-Finnic core lineage)

Macro-haplogroup

Parent clade

N1a1a-Z1936

Formed (estimate)

c. 7,000–8,000 years before present

TMRCA (estimate)

c. 5,000–6,000 years ago

Z1933

Overview

N-Z1933 represents one of the most critical transitions in the history of N1a1a. It forms the backbone of the eastern Baltic and early Finnic paternal ancestry. Emerging during the Neolithic–Bronze Age transition, Z1933 links the ancient Volga–Oka forest zone populations with the proto-Finnic cultural sphere that later expanded into Finland, Estonia and Karelia.

Geographic distribution

Modern distributions show high frequencies in Finland, Estonia, Karelia and parts of northwest Russia. Z1933 is also present at lower levels in Uralic-speaking populations further east. Its spread strongly correlates with the early Finno-Ugric dispersal networks.

Ancient DNA

Z1933 signatures have been detected in Bronze Age remains from the eastern Baltic region.
Its time depth corresponds to the spread of Comb Ceramic and later Textile Ceramic cultures.
The clade’s early branches reflect a population expansion into the Baltic–Finnic homeland.

Phylogeny & subclades

Z1933 sits between Z1936 and VL62 in the Finnic phylogenetic spine. It is upstream of both Z1939 (major Finnish cluster) and several Estonian/Baltic lineages, making it a foundational node of Uralic population genetics.

N-Z1933*
N-VL62
N-Z1941

Notes & context