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Haplogroup N-Y13874

N-Y13874 (Z1941 downstream Finnish-Karelian branch)

Macro-haplogroup
K
Parent clade
N-Z1941
Formed (estimate)
c. 1,400–1,700 years before present
TMRCA (estimate)
c. 1,100–1,300 years ago

Overview

N-Y13874 is the dominant downstream branch under N-Z1941 and is particularly associated with Finnish and Karelian paternal lineages. While not as expansive as N-Z1939, Y13874 shows a pattern of stable, regionally concentrated growth during the early medieval period, with multiple microbranches tied to eastern Finnish and Karelian settlement areas. Age estimates place its emergence close to the time when permanent village structures and agricultural lifestyles became widespread across Fennoscandia’s forest zone.

Geographic distribution

The branch is most common in eastern and central Finland, Karelia, the Karelian Isthmus, and some northern Russian communities. Smaller occurrences appear across the rest of Finland and in scattered Scandinavian samples. It also appears in Finnish diaspora populations. Its distribution overlaps strongly with early Finnic cultural regions and medieval parish networks.

Ancient DNA

  • The age of Y13874 corresponds to the period of village formation and demographic stabilization across eastern Finland and Karelia.
  • Ancient individuals from the Baltic–Ladoga–Onega interaction sphere carry upstream Z1941 signatures consistent with the root of Y13874.
  • Population analyses show that Y13874 shares deep ancestry with other Finnic paternal clusters while representing a unique regional trajectory.

Phylogeny & subclades

In haplotrees Y13874 appears as the principal branch immediately downstream of Z1941, with multiple short-branch descents representing localized expansions. Its internal structure mirrors the demographic fragmentation of early Finnic communities during the first millennium CE.

  • N-Y13874* (basal form)
  • Multiple Finnish–Karelian microbranches
  • Private terminal branches in Finland and NW Russia

Notes & context

N-Y13874 is essential for fine-scale ancestry resolution among Finnic testers, especially those from eastern Finland, Karelia and the historic Ingria region.