Overview
N-Y10931 is a downstream subclade under the early-forming N-Y9022 branch, representing a Finnic paternal lineage that diverged before the major Z1939-associated founder events. Its formation corresponds to a demographic environment in which Finnic-speaking groups were expanding across the forest and lake zones of eastern Finland and the Karelia–Ladoga region. Y10931 preserves a segment of the early VL62 paternal backbone that did not collapse into the dense medieval clusters that dominate much of N-M178 today.
Geographic distribution
Modern carriers are found primarily in Finland and Karelia, with extensions into northwestern Russia. Y10931 is notably less localized than Z1939→Y7308/Y7310 microclades, instead showing a broader range across eastern Finland, central Finland and the Karelian region. Low-frequency presence in Estonia and Sweden fits known historical migration patterns.
Ancient DNA
- VL62-rooted lineages occur in Iron Age Finnic and Baltic individuals, providing ancestral context for Y10931.
- Divergence dates place Y10931 early in the Finnic formation period, before medieval population bottlenecks.
- Phylogenetic patterns suggest survival of multiple small patrilines over more than a millennium.
Phylogeny & subclades
In YFull’s structure, Y10931 sits clearly under Y9022 with several minor downstream lines. This indicates an enduring but low-frequency paternal group distinct from the dominant Z1939-derived microclades.
- N-Y10931*
- Y10931-derived microbranches in Finland and northwest Russia
Notes & context
N-Y10931 is important for representing early Finnic paternal layers that predate the larger medieval clusters. It helps maintain the full resolution of the VL62 → Y9022 component.
References & external links