A · BT · CT · F · K · K2 · K2b · NO · N · N1 · N1a · N1a1 · N1a1a · N-Z1936 · N-Z1927 · N-Z1933 · N-VL62 · N-Z1941 · N-Y13874 · N-FGC28394

Haplogroup N-FGC28394

N-FGC28394 (Y13874 downstream Finnish microclade)

Macro-haplogroup

Parent clade

N-Y13874

Formed (estimate)

c. 1,200–1,400 years before present

TMRCA (estimate)

c. 900–1,050 years ago

FGC28394

Overview

N-FGC28394 represents a downstream branch of N-Y13874, a key lineage in the Z1941 Finnic radiation. FGC28394’s emergence corresponds to the internal clustering of medieval Finnic populations during 850–1050 CE, a period of rapid settlement nucleation across eastern Finland. Its branch structure, containing small daughter clades with close divergence times, suggests localized patrilineal growth in small communities tied to lake-based subsistence and early agrarian systems.

Geographic distribution

FGC28394 is mainly distributed in eastern and southeastern Finland, with extensions to Karelia and smaller occurrences in Estonia. The majority of carriers trace paternal origins to regions such as South Savo, North Karelia and historical Ladoga Karelia. Its spread mirrors the medieval demographic expansion into the inland waterway networks.

Ancient DNA

Upstream Y13874 and Z1941 haplogroups appear in early medieval Finnic remains.
FGC28394’s age fits within the earliest wave of Finnish inland settlement.
Internal branching patterns imply sustained but regionally limited growth.

Phylogeny & subclades

YFull lists FGC28394 as a deeply nested subclade under Y13874, forming a tight cluster of branches with relatively short mutation intervals. This is typical of medieval-era Finnic expansions. The clade is widely represented in Finnish BigY datasets.

N-FGC28394*
Derived Finnish microbranches

Notes & context