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Haplogroup N-F3361

N-F3361 (Volga–Ural P43 branch)

Macro-haplogroup

Parent clade

N1a2-P43

Formed (estimate)

c. 4,000–5,000 years before present

TMRCA (estimate)

c. 2,000–2,500 years ago

F3361

Overview

N-F3361 is one of the central branches under the P43 lineage, which forms the southeastern Siberian and Volga–Ural component of N1a2. This clade emerged among Bronze Age groups occupying the forest-steppe zones between the lower Ob, the middle Volga and the Ural foothills. F3361 is widely associated with Uralic-speaking populations east of the Urals, particularly Komi, Khanty and Mansi groups.

Geographic distribution

Today F3361 occurs in the Volga–Ural basin, western Siberia, the Ob–Irtysh regions and among Uralic populations such as Mansi, Khanty, Komi and Udmurt. It appears also in low frequencies in northern Kazakhstan and western Siberian Turkic groups due to historical admixture.

Ancient DNA

Ancient DNA shows upstream P43 ancestry in Bronze Age forest-steppe populations of the Ob–Irtysh region.
The age of F3361 corresponds to early phases of Uralic linguistic divergence.
Presence in multiple Uralic groups indicates deep-time continuity.

Phylogeny & subclades

F3361 is one of the principal subclades of N1a2, forming a root for additional downstream branches including B528 and Y24312. Its structure shows moderate internal complexity.

N-B528
N-Y24312
N-F3361*

Notes & context