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Y-DNA Haplogroup Atlas

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Haplogroup N-F1412

N-F1412 (sister to the N-L1026 trunk)

Macro-haplogroup
K
Parent clade
N-L392
Formed (estimate)
c. 10,000–12,000 years before present
TMRCA (estimate)
c. 7,000–9,000 years ago

Overview

Haplogroup N-F1412 is a confirmed but uncommon upstream branch under N-L392, forming a sister line to the extremely successful N-L1026 > N-M178 radiation. Whereas L1026 led to the majority of modern N variation across the Uralic and Finnic world, F1412 represents a population that did not undergo the same scale of expansion. As such, it preserves valuable information about early Holocene paternal diversity in northern Eurasia. Its deep age and phylogenetic position suggest it emerged among small and regionally stable hunter-gatherer communities in Siberia or the forest–steppe transition zones, surviving into modern populations only through isolated paternal lines.

Geographic distribution

Modern occurrences of N-F1412 are extremely rare but geographically informative. Carriers have been detected in Siberia, the Russian Far East, and occasionally in northern China and Mongolia. A small number of European occurrences reflect likely deep ancestry rather than recent migration. This distribution, which spans both sides of the Sayan–Baikal–Amur corridor, suggests that F1412 persisted among early Holocene populations inhabiting ecologically stable, low-density habitats.

Ancient DNA

  • Ancient Siberian individuals from the early Holocene bear N1a1 signatures that cluster near the F1412 position rather than the more dominant L1026 lineage.
  • Modelling of early N1a1a dispersals shows that the F1412 branch represents a phylogenetic remnant of pre-Uralic paternal diversity.
  • Genetic continuity in small Siberian populations implies long-term survival of F1412-bearing groups amid later demographic expansions.

Phylogeny & subclades

F1412 branches directly under N-L392, making it a sister to N-L1026. This positioning is crucial because it shows that not all N-L392 lineages participated in the massive Holocene expansions of N-M178. Its presence indicates an early bifurcation that preserved deep structure within N1a1 prior to the emergence of the Finnic, Baltic and Uralic-dominant clades.

  • N-F1412* (basal, very rare)
  • Minor microbranches across Siberia and the Russian Far East

Notes & context

N-F1412 is the key to demonstrating the full breadth of early N-L392 diversity. Without it, the picture of N1a1 ancestry would misleadingly appear to derive solely from the L1026 > M178 expansion.