A · BT · CT · F · K · K2 · K2b · NO · N · N2 · N2b · N-CTS3103

Haplogroup N-CTS3103

N-CTS3103 (N2b1 eastern Siberian branch)

Macro-haplogroup

Parent clade

N2b

Formed (estimate)

c. 6,000–7,500 years before present

TMRCA (estimate)

c. 4,000–5,000 years ago

CTS3103

Overview

N-CTS3103 represents the major defined branch of the N2b lineage. This clade traces back to Bronze Age eastern Siberia and is associated with the forest–tundra populations that inhabited regions along the lower Lena, Aldan and upper Amur rivers. Unlike N1a-derived Uralic expansions, N2b1 lineages maintained distinct paternal histories linked to Paleo-Siberian and early Tungusic communities. CTS3103 is crucial for reconstructing the eastern diversification of the N macro-haplogroup.

Geographic distribution

Modern carriers appear among Evenk, Even, Yakut, Ulch, Nanai and dispersed Siberian groups. Its distribution reflects ancient taiga mobility patterns and early contacts between Tungusic and Paleo-Siberian peoples. Lower frequencies occur today in northern China and the Russian Far East.

Ancient DNA

Upstream N2 signatures are present in ancient Northeast Asian individuals.
The timing of CTS3103 coincides with Bronze Age dispersals in the Amur–Aldan cultural corridor.
Phylogenetic diversity indicates a lineage older and broader than N2a.

Phylogeny & subclades

CTS3103 is the principal confirmed subclade of N2b, forming N2b1. Its internal branching is sparse but structured, indicating long-term continuity in dispersed taiga populations.

N-CTS3103*

Notes & context