A · BT · CT · CF · F · J · J2-M172 · J2b-M12 · J2b-M241 · J2b-Z40522

Haplogroup J2b-Z40522

Macro-haplogroup
J
Parent clade
J2b-M241
Formed (estimate)
c. 7,500 to 10,500 years before present
TMRCA (estimate)
c. 2,200 to 3,800 years ago

Overview

J2b-Z40522 is a downstream branch of the J2b-M241 lineage associated with populations in the southern Balkans, the Aegean basin and western Anatolia. Its roots trace back to the demographic transformations of the mid Holocene when early farming communities expanded through the Balkan interior and coastal settlements developed along the Aegean shores. Z40522’s distribution aligns with the archaeological record of early maritime activity, proto urban sites in western Anatolia and Bronze Age population movements linking Greece, the Aegean islands and coastal Anatolia. The clade shows downstream variation that reflects recurrent founder effects within Aegean coastal societies and inland Balkan communities. Bronze Age Aegean and Mycenaean populations display upstream J2b signals that likely contributed to the formation of Z40522. Later historical periods, including Classical and Hellenistic eras, preserved continuity particularly in coastal settlements and island populations.

Geographic distribution

Greece, Albania, North Macedonia, western Turkey; moderate in Bulgaria and Cyprus; low in Italy and the Levant.

Ancient DNA

  • Balkan Chalcolithic individuals exhibit upstream J2b structure consistent with early Z40522.
  • Aegean Bronze Age individuals show J2b patterns aligned with Z40522 related lineages.
  • Western Anatolian Bronze Age burials display continuity with this branch.
  • Iron Age Levantine individuals preserve downstream substructure of Z40522.
  • Classical Greek coastal settlements show derived Z40522 lineages.

Phylogeny & subclades

A structured Balkan Aegean coastal lineage under J2b-M241 with microbranches tied to maritime and inland interaction spheres.

  • Z40522*
  • Aegean branches
  • Western Anatolian derived lines

Notes & context

Z40522 is a pivotal clade for reconstructing Aegean Balkan demographic processes during the Bronze and Iron Ages.