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Haplogroup J2a-Y18492

Macro-haplogroup
J
Parent clade
J2a-M67
Formed (estimate)
c. 8,300 to 10,700 years before present
TMRCA (estimate)
c. 2,300 to 3,600 years ago

Overview

J2a-Y18492 is a downstream lineage of the J2a-M67 radiation with roots in the highland regions of eastern Anatolia and the Armenian plateau. Its early formation coincides with the stabilization of upland agricultural systems in the early Holocene, where terraced farming, obsidian exchange networks and the first durable highland settlements emerged. Archaeological contexts associated with this period indicate increased regional connectivity between the Upper Tigris basin, the Lake Van region and the northern Zagros foothills. By the Bronze Age, populations bearing Y18492 were part of highland socio-political structures characterized by fortified hilltop settlements, early metallurgical zones and mountain corridor trade. The lineage diversified into several microregional subclades tied to upland valleys and plateau-edge communities. Iron Age and classical samples from northern Mesopotamia and the Armenian highlands show signals consistent with the persistence of Y18492-derived subbranches.

Geographic distribution

Armenia, eastern Turkey, northwest Iran, northern Iraq; low frequency in Georgia.

Ancient DNA

  • Armenian Bronze Age individuals show J2a-M67 upstream markers consistent with ancestral Y18492.
  • Chalcolithic Upper Tigris remains exhibit J2a variation aligned with basal nodes of this lineage.
  • Bronze Age eastern Anatolian sites preserve upstream branches tied to the Y18492 structure.
  • Iron Age settlements of northern Mesopotamia show downstream J2a profiles compatible with this clade.
  • Classical highland populations retain microbranches that match the demographic expectations of Y18492.

Phylogeny & subclades

A highland-rooted J2a-M67 subclade with downstream microstructure concentrated along the Armenian plateau and Upper Tigris highlands.

  • Y18492*
  • Armenian plateau microbranches
  • Upper Tigris derivatives

Notes & context

Y18492 is an important paternal marker for reconstructing long-term upland demographic continuity in highland West Asia.