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Haplogroup J2a-Y15942

Macro-haplogroup
J
Parent clade
J2a-M67
Formed (estimate)
c. 7,900 to 10,300 years before present
TMRCA (estimate)
c. 2,600 to 3,900 years ago

Overview

J2a-Y15942 is a downstream highland oriented lineage of the J2a-M67 radiation with a strong demographic foothold across the mountainous regions of eastern Anatolia, the Armenian plateau and the upper river basins of northern Mesopotamia. Its formation corresponds to the consolidation of Holocene agro-pastoral economies in upland environments where terrace-based agriculture, early copper metallurgy and seasonal pastoralism shaped long term population continuity. The clade displays downstream diversification that aligns with the major Bronze Age cultural sequences of the eastern Anatolian highlands and the Kura–Araxes related interaction spheres. Y15942-bearing groups likely contributed to the formation of regional polities, upland fortified settlements and trans-mountain trade routes that served as intermediaries between the Caucasus, Mesopotamia and the Iranian plateau. By the Iron Age, the lineage continued to be embedded in highland cultural landscapes with limited coastal diffusion.

Geographic distribution

Armenia, eastern Turkey, northwest Iran, northern Iraq; moderate presence in Georgia and minimal presence in Syria.

Ancient DNA

  • Bronze Age Armenian plateau sites contain paternal lineages consistent with upstream Y15942.
  • Chalcolithic Upper Tigris settlements show J2a-M67 variation aligned with early Y15942.
  • Eastern Anatolian Bronze Age burials display signals compatible with this lineage.
  • Iron Age northern Mesopotamian populations exhibit downstream components of the clade.
  • Classical highland settlements preserve patterns matching Y15942 continuity.

Phylogeny & subclades

A regionally stable J2a-M67 highland lineage with microbranches centered on the Armenian plateau and eastern Anatolian uplands.

  • Y15942*
  • Armenian upland branches
  • Upper Tigris derived nodes

Notes & context

An essential highland-centered lineage for reconstructing Bronze and Iron Age demographic structure in eastern Anatolia.