Overview
J1-ZS510 is a downstream lineage within the extensive J1-L147.1 cluster, representing one of the Arabian-rooted branches that expanded during the late Neolithic and early Bronze Age. Its ancestral populations participated in the shift toward mobile pastoralism across the northern Arabian plateau, forming part of the demographic substrate that supported early Semitic-speaking pastoral groups. Environmental fluctuations and resource-driven mobility were key factors shaping the early formation of the lineage. During the Bronze and Iron Ages, ZS510-bearing groups were active along the desert frontiers connecting northern Arabia with the southern Levant and Mesopotamia. The phylogenetic segmentation of the clade displays clear founder effects tied to tribal expansions and caravan-linked mobility networks. Several downstream branches appear to correspond to historically documented tribes during the early Islamic and pre-Islamic periods.