Overview
J1-ZS389 is a downstream subclade of J1-L147.1 and forms part of the broader Arabian-centered P58 expansion. The lineage originated during the late Neolithic to early Bronze Age in populations practicing increasing levels of pastoral mobility across northern and central Arabia. Climatic shifts in aridity and resource distribution during this period likely shaped the early demographic behavior of ZS389 ancestors. During the Bronze and Iron Ages, ZS389 bearing groups integrated into North Arabian tribal structures involved in the development of caravan trade networks, including those linking the Hijaz, southern Levant, Mesopotamia and the Gulf. The lineage shows strong founder effects in Arabian tribal contexts, and its downstream phylogeny indicates several geographically coherent microbranches reflecting expansions within the early historic period.