A · BT · CT · CF · F · J · J1-M267 · J1-P58 · J1-L147.1 · J1-ZS3752

Haplogroup J1-ZS3752

Macro-haplogroup
J
Parent clade
J1-L147.1
Formed (estimate)
c. 6,000 to 8,200 years before present
TMRCA (estimate)
c. 1,500 to 2,300 years ago

Overview

J1-ZS3752 is a downstream lineage under the Arabian-centered J1-L147.1 clade and is associated with pastoralist populations of northern Arabia, the Jordanian steppe and the Syro-Arabian desert margins. Its formation coincides with mid Holocene patterns of desert pastoral mobility, where seasonal grazing circuits and oasis-linked subsistence strategies developed across northern Arabian ecologies. During the Bronze and Iron Ages, ZS3752-bearing groups were integrated into tribal populations inhabiting desert margins, caravan pathways and upland-desert transitional zones. Some downstream clades may have entered early Arab tribal structures, while ancestral layers represent pre-Arab desert communities adapted to arid and semi-arid settings. Classical and early medieval desert settlements retained the lineage among pastoralist groups with long-term continuity.

Geographic distribution

Northern Arabia, Jordan, southern Syria, Iraq; rare occurrences in the Hijaz and the Levant interior.

Ancient DNA

  • Chalcolithic Levantine samples contain upstream J1 components compatible with the basal ancestry of ZS3752.
  • Bronze Age northern Arabian individuals exhibit markers aligned with the lineage’s deeper structure.
  • Iron Age Syrian desert burials show downstream elements belonging to this branch.
  • Classical oasis settlements appear to preserve microbranch continuity.
  • Early Arab expansions may have dispersed later derivatives across northern Arabia and Mesopotamia.

Phylogeny & subclades

A desert-oriented branch of J1-L147.1 with diversification across northern Arabia and southern Syrian desert corridors.

  • ZS3752*
  • Northern Arabian microbranches
  • Syro-Arabian steppe derivatives

Notes & context

ZS3752 is useful for reconstructing early pastoral mobility systems and long-term desert settlement continuity.