Overview
J1-ZS3451 is a downstream lineage under the Arabian-centered J1-L147.1 expansion and is associated with the pastoral and semi-nomadic populations inhabiting northern Arabia, the Jordanian steppe and the margins of the Syrian desert. Its early formation reflects mid Holocene shifts in desert ecology that supported the emergence of seasonal migration systems and oasis-linked pastoral subsistence. The Bronze and Iron Ages shaped ZS3451's internal diversification, with downstream subclades distributed across northern Arabian tribal territories and desert margin ecological zones. Elements of the lineage may have become integrated into early Arab tribal confederations, although deeper layers point to pre-Arab desert populations with long-term continuity.