A · BT · CT · CF · F · J · J1-M267 · J1-P58 · J1-L147.1 · J1-ZS2367

Haplogroup J1-ZS2367

Macro-haplogroup
J
Parent clade
J1-L147.1
Formed (estimate)
c. 4,000 to 5,400 years before present
TMRCA (estimate)
c. 1,000 to 1,500 years ago

Overview

J1-ZS2367 is a downstream branch of the Arabian-rooted J1-L147.1 cluster and formed among pastoral groups inhabiting the northern Arabian desert during the early Bronze Age. These populations followed desert mobility systems dependent on wells, sparse wadis and grazing microzones that shaped early Semitic-speaking tribal development across the Hejaz and central Arabia. Throughout the Bronze and Iron Ages, ZS2367-bearing lineages expanded across the Hejaz, Najd and the western Mesopotamian frontier. Downstream structure reveals several founder events associated with persistent clan-level demographic segmentation. During the early Islamic period, additional migration into Iraq and eastern Arabia produced localized microclades shaped by settlement growth and tribal integration.

Geographic distribution

Most common in Saudi Arabia and Iraq; moderate in Jordan and Syria; low in Kuwait, Qatar and Bahrain.

Ancient DNA

  • Bronze Age Levant genomes exhibit upstream J1-P58 signals consistent with proto ZS2367.
  • Iron Age Arabian frontier samples display diversification matching early ZS2367 formation.
  • Early Islamic Hejaz burials show downstream ZS2367 microclades.

Phylogeny & subclades

A J1-L147.1 lineage shaped by desert pastoralism, founder-driven tribal expansions and long-term demographic continuity across northern Arabia.

  • ZS2367*
  • Hejaz derived subclusters
  • Northern Arabian microbranches

Notes & context

A lineage critical for reconstructing the population history of early Semitic-speaking desert societies.