Overview
J1-ZS2289 is a downstream subclade of the Arabian-centered J1-L147.1 umbrella and formed among pastoralist groups inhabiting northern Arabia during the early Bronze Age. These groups moved along defined pastoral corridors structured around seasonal water access and grazing patches, linking the Hejaz, Najd and parts of western Mesopotamia. Their demographic patterns align with early tribal systems associated with the rise of North Arabian cultural formations. During the Bronze and Iron Ages, ZS2289-bearing populations expanded across desert-steppe regions transitioning toward northern Arabia and the Iraqi frontier. Downstream structure demonstrates several founder events consistent with clan-based segmentation. With the expansion of the early Islamic world, downstream branches migrated into Iraq and the Gulf, where region-specific microclades developed.