Overview
J1-ZS2194 is a downstream subclade of the Arabian-rooted J1-L147.1 macrolineage and formed among pastoral groups occupying northern Arabia and the Hejaz during the early Bronze Age. These populations followed herding cycles that depended on desert wells, seasonal wadis and narrow ecological corridors linking grazing zones. Their demographic signatures align with early tribal configurations that characterized the formative stages of North Arabian societies. During the Bronze and Iron Ages, ZS2194-bearing groups expanded across the Hejaz, Najd and the western Mesopotamian interface. Founder events embedded in the downstream phylogeny indicate long-term clan-based structuring. Early Islamic expansions led to further movement into Iraq and the Gulf, where new microbranches formed under localized demographic pressures.