A · BT · CT · CF · F · J · J1-M267 · J1-P58 · J1-L147.1 · J1-ZS1884

Haplogroup J1-ZS1884

Macro-haplogroup
J
Parent clade
J1-L147.1
Formed (estimate)
c. 4,400 to 5,600 years before present
TMRCA (estimate)
c. 1,100 to 1,700 years ago

Overview

J1-ZS1884 is a downstream branch of the Arabian-rooted J1-L147.1 macrocluster and emerged among pastoral groups inhabiting the northern Arabian desert during the early Bronze Age. These communities practiced desert-steppe pastoralism shaped around wells, limited but reliable grazing pockets and seasonal mobility corridors linking the Hejaz, Najd and western Mesopotamia. Their demographic expansion contributed significantly to the formation of early Semitic-speaking tribal structures. During the Bronze and Iron Ages, ZS1884-bearing populations expanded across northern Arabia and into regions adjoining southern Iraq. Founder effects embedded in the lineage's downstream topology indicate long-lasting clan-based demographic systems. With the rise of the early Islamic world, additional migration carried some downstream segments into Iraq, Kuwait and eastern Arabia, where regional microclades later developed.

Geographic distribution

Most common in Saudi Arabia and Iraq; moderate in Jordan and Syria; low in Kuwait and Qatar.

Ancient DNA

  • Bronze Age Levant individuals present upstream J1-P58 ancestry compatible with proto ZS1884.
  • Iron Age Arabian frontier burials preserve structures aligned with early ZS1884 formation.
  • Early Islamic Hejaz remains show downstream ZS1884 clusters.

Phylogeny & subclades

A structured J1-L147.1 derivative molded by desert pastoralism, early North Arabian tribal formation and localized founder events.

  • ZS1884*
  • Hejaz and Najd clusters
  • Northern Arabian microbranches

Notes & context

A lineage central to reconstructing the demographic evolution of early North Arabian and Hejazi populations.