Overview
J1-Y5598 is a downstream branch of the Arabian-centered J1-P58 lineage and developed among pastoralist populations operating across the northern Arabian desert and the Hejaz frontier during the early Bronze Age. Ancestral Y5598 groups practiced seasonal herding cycles centered on reliable water sources, wadis and strategic desert corridors that linked northern Arabia with the southern Levant and the Hejaz. Archaeological contexts associated with these populations include multi-season encampments and early caravan staging points. During the Bronze and Iron Ages, Y5598-bearing lineages played significant roles in tribal coalitions that flourished across the Hejaz, Wadi Sirhan and areas bordering southern Jordan. The lineage shows multiple founder effects tied to distinct clan structures that later diversified further during the early Islamic period. Some downstream branches moved eastward into Iraq and southwest Iran during the first centuries CE, forming new localized microclades.