A · BT · CT · CF · F · J · J1-M267 · J1-P58 · J1-Y5382

Haplogroup J1-Y5382

Macro-haplogroup
J
Parent clade
J1-P58
Formed (estimate)
c. 4,700 to 6,200 years before present
TMRCA (estimate)
c. 1,200 to 1,900 years ago

Overview

J1-Y5382 is a downstream offshoot of the Arabian-centered J1-P58 clade and formed among pastoralist populations inhabiting the northern Arabian plateau during the early Bronze Age. These groups practiced desert-steppe herding systems that relied on water sources such as wells and wadis, enabling short-range seasonal mobility. Their presence along trade-linked corridors between the Hejaz, southern Jordan and northern Arabia allowed them to take part in the region’s early caravan and oasis-based economic systems. During the Bronze and Iron Ages, Y5382-bearing groups contributed to tribal coalitions that shaped the North Arabian linguistic and demographic landscape. Its downstream phylogeny features founder-driven expansions tied to clan structures that developed in the Hejaz and northern Arabian regions. During the early Islamic era, several derivative lineages dispersed eastward into Iraq, Kuwait and parts of the Gulf.

Geographic distribution

Most common in Saudi Arabia and Jordan; moderate in Iraq and Syria; low in Kuwait and the Levant.

Ancient DNA

  • Bronze Age Levantine individuals show ancestral J1-P58 variation consistent with proto Y5382.
  • Iron Age Arabian frontier samples exhibit branching patterns aligned with early Y5382.
  • Early Islamic Hejaz burials preserve downstream Y5382 microbranches.

Phylogeny & subclades

A structured J1-P58 lineage shaped by pastoral mobility, tribal segmentation and founder-based demographic expansions.

  • Y5382*
  • Hejaz derivatives
  • Northern Arabian microclades

Notes & context

A lineage reflecting early processes of tribal formation and demographic structuring in northern Arabia.