Overview
J1-Y4780 is a downstream lineage of the expansive Arabian-rooted J1-P58 radiation and appears to have originated among early Bronze Age pastoral communities located across the northern Arabian plateau and the southern Levant. These groups relied on flexible, seasonally adaptive herding systems that incorporated desert wells, wadis and highland-edge pastures. Their mobility facilitated participation in early caravan networks connecting the Hejaz to the Levant. During the Bronze and Iron Ages, populations bearing Y4780 became integrated into North Arabian tribal confederations that shaped the demographic structure of the Hejaz and Transjordan regions. Its downstream topology reflects distinct founder events tied to clans established in northern Arabia, some of which expanded into Mesopotamia during late antiquity and the early Islamic era.