Overview
J1-Y4452 is a downstream branch of the J1-P58 expansion that originated within pastoral communities occupying northern Arabia and the southern Levant during the late Neolithic and early Bronze Age. The earliest populations associated with this lineage practiced highly mobile pastoralism centered on desert-steppe grazing systems, water-source networks and long-distance mobility through the Hejaz corridor and Wadi Sirhan basin. Archaeological parallels include early fortified oasis settlements, Bronze Age caravan staging points and pastoral encampments distributed across arid ecological zones. By the Bronze and Iron Ages, populations carrying Y4452 were embedded within the tribal confederations that shaped the North Arabian frontier. These groups contributed to the formation of desert-based trade routes linking Arabia with the Levant and Mesopotamia. Downstream phylogenetic patterns show multiple founder events tied to clan structures that occupied the Hejaz, southern Jordan and northern Arabia, some of which expanded further during the early Islamic period.