Overview
J1-Y4107 is a downstream branch of the Arabian-centered J1-P58 expansion, formed during the late Neolithic and early Bronze Age among pastoral communities living along the northern Arabian plateau and southern Levantine fringes. These populations practiced mobile herding systems that utilized major steppe corridors, trading posts and oasis resource nodes. Archaeological parallels include early fortified oasis settlements, desert edge pastoral encampments and Bronze Age caravan tracks intersecting the wider Red Sea–Levant trade interface. Through the Bronze and Iron Ages, Y4107-bearing groups became embedded within expanding tribal confederations across northern Arabia. Their movements intersected with long-distance trade networks, including copper and incense routes. Phylogenetic segmentation suggests the presence of distinct subbranches associated with tribal founder effects in the Hejaz, Transjordan and the Syro-Arabian desert.