A · BT · CT · CF · F · J · J1-M267 · J1-P58 · J1-Y3836

Haplogroup J1-Y3836

Macro-haplogroup
J
Parent clade
J1-P58
Formed (estimate)
c. 5,700 to 7,300 years before present
TMRCA (estimate)
c. 2,000 to 3,100 years ago

Overview

J1-Y3836 is a downstream Arabian-rooted lineage within the J1-P58 radiation, emerging during the late Neolithic and early Bronze Age phases of pastoral intensification in northern Arabia. Its ancestral communities likely practiced a mixed pastoral economy centered on herd mobility, seasonal grazing regions and strategic exploitation of oases along the Syro-Arabian steppe. Archaeological correlates include desert pastoral camps, early caravan trails and copper-age waystations in the northern Hejaz and southern Jordan. Through the Bronze and Iron Ages, Y3836-bearing populations appear to have integrated into the wider network of North Arabian and southern Levantine tribal structures. Their spatial distribution and internal phylogenetic segmentation suggest widespread involvement in tribal-level demographic pulses connected with the early historic incense trade and the rise of proto-Arabic-speaking confederations. The microbranching within Y3836 indicates discrete founder effects tied to tribal and clan-based identities.

Geographic distribution

Most prevalent in northern Saudi Arabia, Jordan and southern Syria; moderate frequencies in Iraq and the Gulf; low frequencies in the Levant and Egypt.

Ancient DNA

  • Late Bronze Age Levantine individuals display upstream J1-P58 diversity compatible with proto Y3836 ancestry.
  • Iron Age North Arabian remains include markers aligned with early Y3836 branches.
  • Early Islamic burials in the Hejaz and southern Jordan show downstream forms connected to this lineage.

Phylogeny & subclades

A structured subclade of J1-P58 with multiple Arabian-centered microbranches shaped by pastoral expansion, tribal segmentation and oasis-linked subsistence strategies.

  • Y3836*
  • Hejaz microbranches
  • Syro-Arabian derivatives

Notes & context

A lineage central to understanding the tribal and pastoralist dynamics of northern Arabia during late prehistory and early historic periods.