Overview
J1-Y3774 is a downstream Arabian-centered lineage within the major J1-P58 radiation and reflects demographic processes active along the Syro-Arabian desert, the northern Hejaz and southern Jordan during the late Neolithic and early Bronze Age. Populations ancestral to Y3774 likely adopted increasing levels of pastoral mobility while also maintaining seasonal use of oases and small agro-pastoral settlements. Archaeological correlates include copper-age desert camps, caravan routes and fortified oasis villages along the Wadi Arabah and northern Hejaz. By the Bronze and Iron Ages, the lineage appears to have participated in tribal and clan-level structures that linked northwestern Arabia with southern Levantine polities. Its downstream structure displays repeated founder effects associated with mobile pastoral tribes, some of which later became involved in early Arabic-speaking tribal confederations during the late first millennium BCE and early first millennium CE.