A · BT · CT · CF · F · J · J1-M267 · J1-Z1828 · J1-FGC8554

Haplogroup J1-FGC8554

Macro-haplogroup
J
Parent clade
J1-Z1828
Formed (estimate)
c. 6,300 to 8,500 years before present
TMRCA (estimate)
c. 2,200 to 3,400 years ago

Overview

J1-FGC8554 is a downstream branch under J1-Z1828 with a demographic focus on the South Caucasus, eastern Anatolia and the northern Zagros ecosystems. Its early formation correlates with the emergence of upland agro-pastoral communities who practiced seasonal transhumance, early metallurgy and established fortified settlements across the highland plateaus during the middle Holocene. These groups were central to the networks that later contributed to the formation of the Kura-Araxes cultural complex. Throughout the Bronze and Iron Ages, FGC8554-bearing populations maintained upland demographic continuity, participating in tribal alliances, mountain polity formation and long-distance pastoral circuits. The confined phylogenetic structure of the lineage suggests strong geographic stability within the highlands, with limited diffusion into the adjacent Mesopotamian lowlands.

Geographic distribution

Most concentrated in Armenia, Georgia, eastern Turkey and northwest Iran; moderate in the North Caucasus; low in Mesopotamia.

Ancient DNA

  • Early Bronze Age Caucasus samples contain J1-Z1828 ancestry congruent with early FGC8554 stages.
  • Iron Age Armenian highland individuals show continuity with subclades affiliated to FGC8554.
  • Medieval Transcaucasian samples preserve downstream variants of this lineage.

Phylogeny & subclades

A highland-rooted J1-Z1828 branch containing several microclades localized to isolated valleys and upland plateaus.

  • FGC8554*
  • Armenian High Plateau branches
  • Eastern Anatolian microclades

Notes & context

A lineage central to long-term paternal continuity in the highlands of the Caucasus and northern Zagros.