A · BT · CT · CF · F · I · I1 · I1f
I1-Z2041
I1f (Z2041) is one of the major continental radiations of haplogroup I1, associated with the Late Nordic Bronze Age and the subsequent movements of early Germanic-speaking populations. Unlike lineages concentrated mainly in Scandinavia, I1f demonstrates an early dual presence in southern Scandinavia and the southern Baltic coast, aligning with archaeological models describing intensified interaction networks around the Jutland–Pommeranian–Saxon cultural zone.
Today, I1f occurs in noticeable frequencies in Denmark, southern Sweden, northern Germany, Poland, and the Baltic region. It also appears in the Netherlands and the British Isles due to later Anglo-Saxon and Viking migrations. Small frequencies exist in North America due to modern transatlantic settlement.
I1f branches from the core I1 radiation alongside I1a (L22) and I1b (Z58). Z2041 lies downstream of the broader Z58 > Z382 cluster but forms a distinct lineage with several recognizable continental expansions. Internal variants such as Y11203 and CTS7362 correspond to regionally stable microclades within northern Central Europe.
I1f is significant for reconstructing the demographic history of early Germanic populations and the diffusion of I1 beyond Scandinavia into mainland Europe. Its close relationship to cultural complexes of the Nordic Bronze Age makes it a frequent focus in archaeogenetic studies.