A · BT · CT · CF · F · I · I1 · I1-Z59 · I1-Z62

Haplogroup I1-Z62

I1-Z62 Continental North Sea branch

Macro-haplogroup
I
Parent clade
I1-Z59
Formed (estimate)
c. 4,000-4,500 years before present (estimate)
TMRCA (estimate)
c. 2,200-2,800 years ago (estimate)

Overview

I1-Z62 is a continental North Sea branch of the I1-DF29 lineage that splits from the broader I1-Z59 framework. It probably formed in the Late Nordic Bronze Age or early Iron Age among populations inhabiting the North German plain, Jutland and the coastal Low Countries. The clade marks an early differentiation of inland and coastal Germanic groups that would later participate in Anglo-Saxon, Frisian and related expansions toward the North Sea and British Isles.

Geographic distribution

Modern carriers of I1-Z62 are most common in Germany, the Netherlands and Denmark, with elevated frequencies in coastal regions of the North Sea and lower Rhine. Lower but clearly detectable levels are found in England, particularly in eastern counties settled by Anglo-Saxons, and in southern Scandinavia. Sporadic occurrences in France, Iberia and overseas diaspora populations reflect medieval and modern migrations.

Ancient DNA

  • Iron Age individuals from the Elbe-Weser and lower Rhine regions yield I1 haplotypes that fall phylogenetically near the Z59-Z62 junction.
  • Roman frontier and early Germanic tribal burials along the Rhine show I1 lineages clustering in the Z60-Z62 sector of the DF29 tree.
  • Early medieval Anglo-Saxon cemeteries in eastern England contain paternal lineages best assigned to I1-Z62 or closely related subclades, consistent with continental North Sea origins.

Phylogeny & subclades

I1-Z62 branches under I1-Z59 and is closely related to I1-Z60. The defining mutation Z62 marks an early split within the continental DF29 radiation, from which several regional subclades descend. Compared with very large radiations such as L22 or Z63, Z62 shows moderate but geographically coherent diversification.

  • I1-Z62* basal continental lineages
  • Minor regional Z62 microclades in Germany and the Low Countries

Notes & context

I1-Z62 is an important marker for early continental Germanic and North Sea coastal ancestry. Its distribution complements related branches such as Z60 and provides a finer scale view of the paternal background underlying Anglo-Saxon and Frisian movements.