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Haplogroup I1-Z382

I1-Z382 Continental Z58 backbone branch

Macro-haplogroup

Parent clade

Formed (estimate)

c. 4,000–4,600 years before present

TMRCA (estimate)

c. 2,400–3,000 years ago

Z382
Z3822
BY35114

Overview

I1-Z382 represents one of the deepest and most fundamental continental branches within the I1-Z58 macro-expansion. It arose during the late Nordic Bronze Age among inland populations inhabiting the North German plain, southern Denmark, and the lower Elbe region. Z382 marks a divergence predating many well-known downstream radiations and therefore functions as a critical phylogenetic anchor for understanding early continental Germanic development.

Geographic distribution

Modern carriers are found mainly in Germany, Denmark, the Netherlands, and Poland (particularly Pomerania and Silesia). Modest but stable frequencies appear in Sweden and Norway due to Iron Age northward drift and Viking-related transfers. Lower but detectable presence exists in England through Anglo-Saxon migration.

Ancient DNA

Iron Age burials from Lower Saxony and Schleswig-Holstein show Z58 lineages consistent with basal Z382 placement.
Early Germanic tribal contexts from the Elbe and Weser river systems include individuals whose haplotypes map near the Z382–Z3822 node.
Roman frontier period graves in the Rhine region yield paternal lineages clustering with early Z382 derivatives.

Phylogeny & subclades

Z382 sits very high in the continental Z58 tree, branching prior to subclades like Z138, Z131 and Z1409. Defining SNPs include Z382, Z3822 and BY35114. The clade exhibits moderate internal structure and serves as a pivotal upstream node for reconstructing early I1 diversification.

I1-Z3822
I1-BY35114
Basal Z382*

Notes & context