haplogroups.info
Y-DNA Haplogroup Atlas

A · BT · CT · CF · F · I · I1 · I1-S2293

Haplogroup I1-S2293

I1-S2293 Continental Germanic

Macro-haplogroup
I
Parent clade
I1
Formed (estimate)
c. 3,300–4,000 years before present
TMRCA (estimate)
c. 2,100–2,500 years ago

Overview

I1-S2293 is a continental European microbranch of haplogroup I1 associated with early West Germanic communities occupying the Rhine, Weser and Danube basins. Its emergence corresponds to the late Bronze and early Iron Age periods when inland Germanic groups were forming distinct cultural identities. This clade represents a modest demographic expansion compared to major Scandinavian-centered I1 branches, marking it as characteristic of smaller, localized communities.

Geographic distribution

Modern frequencies peak in Germany, Austria, Switzerland and the Czech Republic. Secondary presence occurs in the Netherlands, Belgium and eastern France. Low-level traces in Britain reflect early Anglo-Saxon movements.

Ancient DNA

  • Iron Age central European individuals show Z58 > S2293-related haplotypes.
  • Roman-period Germanic frontier burials contain lineages clustering near S2293.
  • Early medieval Alemannic and Frankish samples show paternal continuity consistent with S2293.

Phylogeny & subclades

S2293 is a downstream member of the Z58 framework. S2293, S2302 and Y15222 define the clade. Its substructure contains several microclades concentrated in central Europe.

  • I1-S2302
  • I1-Y15222
  • Basal S2293*

Notes & context

I1-S2293 helps trace the early distribution of inland West Germanic paternal lineages and distinguish them from coastal Frisian or Scandinavian-origin radiations.