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Y-DNA Haplogroup Atlas

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Haplogroup I1-BY3510

I1-BY3510 Northern Continental

Macro-haplogroup
I
Parent clade
I1
Formed (estimate)
c. 3,400–4,000 years before present
TMRCA (estimate)
c. 2,100–2,500 years ago

Overview

I1-BY3510 is a northern continental European microbranch of I1 that likely formed among Bronze Age communities living between the Elbe basin, southern Denmark and coastal Pomerania. This branch represents a modest demographic expansion in inland regions adjacent to the North Sea and Baltic maritime spheres. Unlike some major I1 radiations, BY3510 reflects smaller, internally cohesive populations that maintained continuity across the Iron Age.

Geographic distribution

Modern carriers are mostly found in northern Germany, Denmark, Poland’s Pomeranian region and the Netherlands. Lower frequencies appear across Sweden and Norway, indicating later Scandinavian-mediated diffusion. Anglo-Saxon migration brought small amounts of BY3510 into eastern England.

Ancient DNA

  • Iron Age burials from Lower Saxony and the Elbe corridor include I1-Z58 lineages ancestral to BY3510.
  • Early Germanic archaeological contexts in northern Germany and the Netherlands contain individuals clustering near basal BY3510.
  • Early medieval Danish and Saxon remains show haplotypes adjacent to this lineage.

Phylogeny & subclades

BY3510 is a minor downstream derivative of the Z58 > Z138 continental line. BY3510, BY3512 and Y76281 define the clade. Its internal diversification is limited but regionally structured.

  • I1-BY3512
  • I1-Y76281
  • Basal BY3510*

Notes & context

I1-BY3510 aids in resolving fine-scale paternal structure among early continental Germanic groups and helps distinguish inland Z58 diversity from coastal North Sea and Scandinavian radiations.