Overview
G2b2b is the lesser-known sibling branch within the G2b2 radiation. While G2b2a underwent moderate demographic expansion, G2b2b remained demographically compact, persisting within geographically isolated segments of Iran, Turkmenistan, and Afghanistan. Its phylogenetic profile reflects a Bronze Age persistence lineage rather than a large-scale migratory branch, representing an important counterweight within the G2b framework.
Geographic distribution
Detected primarily in northeastern Iran (Khorasan), southern Turkmenistan, and western Afghanistan. Minor occurrences appear among Tajik highlanders and certain Pashtun tribal segments. The distribution corresponds to ancient east–west corridors linking northeastern Iran with Central Asia.
Ancient DNA
- Genetic affinities to G2b2b-like structures appear in Bronze Age Khorasan individuals.
- Early Iron Age Central Asian genomes occasionally display upstream alleles compatible with the FT228xx panel.
- Low ancient visibility is expected due to very small effective population size.
Phylogeny & subclades
Defined by FT22891 and associated downstream markers, G2b2b exhibits limited but detectable diversification. Its substructure includes several geographically constrained microbranches reflecting tribal and clan continuity from the Bronze Age through medieval Islamic periods.
- G2b2b* (basal)
- G2b2b1 (FT22904-linked)
- G2b2b2 (eastern Iranian microclusters)
Notes & context
G2b2b provides critical evidence for Bronze Age regional population stability within eastern Iran and southern Turkmenistan. Despite its rarity, it enhances the internal resolution of the G2b phylogeny and contributes to reconstructing Iranian–Central Asian paternal corridors.
References & external links