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G-PH2810
G2a5a represents a Chalcolithic-period diversification within the G2a5 lineage, with a demographic core situated along the western Iranian plateau and the central Zagros region. The branch appears to reflect agro-pastoral communities that occupied the transitional ecological zones linking highland agricultural settlements with lowland Mesopotamian interaction spheres. Compared to other G2a clades, G2a5a shows a demographic signature of moderate expansion but high regional continuity.
Modern carriers of G2a5a are concentrated in western Iran, Luristan, Khuzestan uplands, eastern Iraq, and select areas of northern Syria. Lesser frequencies appear among Persian, Luri, Bakhtiari, Kurdish, and Arab Gulf–adjacent populations. The pattern reflects enduring population links between the central Zagros, Mesopotamia, and the Iranian lowlands.
G2a5a stands as the primary downstream branch of G2a5, defined by PH2810 and associated markers. Internal structure includes multiple small-scale regional clusters in the Zagros uplands and Mesopotamian foothills. The phylogeny reflects a lineage that maintained localized but persistent male continuity from the Chalcolithic onward.
G2a5a provides a valuable reference for early agro-pastoral movements between the Iranian plateau and Mesopotamia. Its continuity reinforces the idea of a stable but regionally interconnected demography shaping early West Asian societal development.