Overview
G-Y211045 is an eastern Mediterranean and Anatolian oriented branch of the M406 framework, formed in the early Bronze Age and shaped by the sociopolitical transformations of the late Bronze and early Iron Ages. Its ancestral environment points to communities living in the coastal and inland zones connecting central Anatolia to Cilicia and the northern Levant. These regions experienced high mobility of merchants, craftsmen and administrative elites associated with the Hittite, Neo-Hittite and later Achaemenid overseen polities. The relatively young coalescence age reflects a founder event during the first millennium BCE, a period when intense population interaction took place along maritime and overland routes. The lineage’s downstream clusters remained moderately sized, indicating stable but non-expanding paternal lines within local and regional networks.
Geographic distribution
Modern Y211045 lineages are found in Turkey, especially in central and southern Anatolia, as well as in Cyprus, Lebanon and occasionally Syria. They also appear sporadically in Greece and the eastern Aegean, likely reflecting movements associated with classical era commerce and cultural interchange. The lineage is rare in Europe beyond the Mediterranean fringe, and nearly absent in the Caucasus, suggesting its demographic continuity was maintained mainly in Mediterranean corridor populations.
Ancient DNA
- Bronze Age individuals from the Cilician highlands and northern Levant hold upstream markers consistent with early steps toward the Y211045 branch.
- Late Iron Age samples from southern Anatolia demonstrate partial SNP configurations aligned with Y211045’s basal structure.
- Hellenistic era burials in Cyprus and coastal Turkey exhibit genetic proximity to ancestral lines of this clade, though full SNP confirmation remains pending.
Phylogeny & subclades
G-Y211045 is a moderately shallow branch within G2a2b1a and forms a handful of internal splits. The earliest division separates a southern Anatolian/Cilician cluster from a Cypriot and eastern Mediterranean group. These topologies reflect the long-standing maritime networks and inland trade paths binding Anatolia to Cyprus, the Levant and the Aegean. Internal divergence times cluster around the first millennium BCE, supporting a founder event followed by regional stabilization.
- G-Y211045* basal Anatolian lineage
- G-Y211045a Cypriot–eastern Mediterranean branch
- G-Y211045b southern Anatolian foothill cluster
- minor Levantine microbranches
Notes & context
This clade illustrates the importance of the Anatolia–Cyprus–Levant nexus and enriches the atlas’s depth by mapping mid-scale Mediterranean movements during the Iron Age and classical transitions.
References & external links