A · BT · CT · D · D2

Haplogroup D2

D2-CTS107

Macro-haplogroup

Parent clade

Formed (estimate)

c. 50,000–55,000 years before present

TMRCA (estimate)

c. 35,000–45,000 years ago

CTS107
F902
F1501

Overview

D2 represents an ancient branch of haplogroup D that diverged early from the ancestors of D1. Unlike the widely surviving branches of D1, D2 appears to have experienced extreme demographic contraction and today survives—if at all—only as deeply basal or unresolved lineages detected in whole-genome surveys. Its presence is inferred mainly through phylogenetic structure rather than established modern populations.

Geographic distribution

No confirmed high-frequency living populations. Very rare or near-extinct signatures appear sporadically in genomic sequencing datasets from Central Asia, Southeast Asia or unidentified basal lineages.

Ancient DNA

Possible D2-like haplotypes appear in Upper Paleolithic samples from mainland East Asia.
Some basal D genomes from the Himalayan region may align with D2 rather than D1.
The lack of downstream radiation indicates an early extinction trajectory.

Phylogeny & subclades

D2 is defined by CTS107 and related SNPs. It forms a sister branch to D1 but lacks surviving substructure.

Notes & context